What I learned at orientation, a week before my first class even started, is that guilt is a legal conclusion. It doesn't even exist before the conclusion of trial.
That's legal guilt.
For me translation messes up things extra. The word "schuld" translates to "guilt" but also to "debt" and stuff in between. It is also found in the word for apologising; "verontschuldigen". So a lot more comes with it.
Guilt is wider than only the legal use, also in English isn't it?
One can be guilty of a crime, but not found guilty by a jury. (and vice versa)