Author Topic: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed  (Read 541 times)

0 Members and 3 Guests are viewing this topic.

Offline odeon

  • Witchlet of the Aspie Elite
  • Webmaster
  • Postwhore Beyond Repair
  • *****
  • Posts: 109003
  • Karma: 4487
  • Gender: Male
  • Replacement Despot
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #15 on: December 06, 2011, 05:08:15 PM »
I think it's terrific news. Amazing that they now have equipment good enough to spot planets that small.
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former."

- Albert Einstein

Offline ProfessorFarnsworth

  • Mad scientist at work
  • Elder
  • Obsessive Postwhore
  • *****
  • Posts: 5224
  • Karma: 528
  • Gender: Male
  • Good news everyone!
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #16 on: December 06, 2011, 07:42:18 PM »
I think it's terrific news. Amazing that they now have equipment good enough to spot planets that small.

I have a feeling that as the technology gets better, we're going to start seeing a lot more Earth-like planets with possible life-sustaining qualities (maybe not for us, but for something).

But couldn't Earth-like planets be detected by observation of a gas giant's wobble against unseen celestial bodies in a star system? Or is that the actual current method to find smaller worlds?
Existence actually has two broad meanings despite its apparent meaningless. The constant reconciliation of all its parts, and the conservation of any closed system as a whole.

Morality can be extrapolated from these meanings to make these two commandments of godless morality: 1). Be in harmony with one another and 2). Care for the environment.

Scrapheap

  • Guest
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #17 on: December 06, 2011, 10:59:30 PM »
But couldn't Earth-like planets be detected by observation of a gas giant's wobble against unseen celestial bodies in a star system? Or is that the actual current method to find smaller worlds?

AFAIK, there's two methods of detecting exoplanets

1) detecting a woble in the star. This usually only finds large Jupiter type planets though.

2) detecting a slight dimming of the star. This is the method used to find earth like planets.

Offline odeon

  • Witchlet of the Aspie Elite
  • Webmaster
  • Postwhore Beyond Repair
  • *****
  • Posts: 109003
  • Karma: 4487
  • Gender: Male
  • Replacement Despot
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #18 on: December 07, 2011, 01:30:23 AM »
I think it's terrific news. Amazing that they now have equipment good enough to spot planets that small.

I have a feeling that as the technology gets better, we're going to start seeing a lot more Earth-like planets with possible life-sustaining qualities (maybe not for us, but for something).

But couldn't Earth-like planets be detected by observation of a gas giant's wobble against unseen celestial bodies in a star system? Or is that the actual current method to find smaller worlds?

A gas giant's wobble could probably not be used for that. The oscillations are very small and they would first need to determine an orbit for the giant which could take a very long time. They would also have to take into account any other bodies affecting its orbit, most of which would be larger than the possible earth-like planet.

Not saying it can't but it seems unlikely.

I think today's observations are purely optical. They would have to be if they wanted to do a spectral analysis of the new body.
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former."

- Albert Einstein

Offline Peter

  • Amazing Cyber-Human Hybrid
  • Elder
  • Insane Postwhore
  • *****
  • Posts: 11846
  • Karma: 1115
  • Gender: Male
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #19 on: December 07, 2011, 07:18:37 AM »
Unfortunately, I think Kepler 22-b is likely to turn out to have a run-away greenhouse effect like Venus.  I'll be interested in the papers that get published once people have had time to construct models and run simulations, but based on past papers I've read on exoplanet habitability, it's a pretty borderline candidate. 

The habitable zone moves outwards for planets with masses larger than Earth, due to their presumably thicker atmospheres, all else being equal. 

I'll grant you that I don't know much about exoplanet study, but I think the key word here is "presumably". Obviously, planets more dense than earth have the POTENTIAL to have denser atmospheres, but their mechanisms for atmosphere generation may not be the same.  IIRC, the earth owes a lot of its atmosphere to the early activity of bacteria and other micro organisms that pulled nitrogen and oxygen from seawater and rocks. Until we can see the atmospheres on other exoplanets and measure their density and composition, we can only guess as to the processes that created them.

The nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere is derived from the volcanic outgassing of N2 and ammonia, and from cometary delivery.  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria remove nitrogen from the atmosphere by incorporating it into nitrogenous organic compounds; some of these are later returned to the atmosphere by denitrifying bacteria, and some is geologically sequestered.  Some geologically sequestered biological nitrogen is eventually returned to the atmosphere by the weathering of the rocks that contain it, but the net effect of bacteria on Earth has been to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere over geological time, with perhaps half of the nitrogen in Earth's early atmosphere having been removed by bacteria and geologically sequestered so far.

The story is similar for CO2; it originates from volcanic outgassing and cometary delivery, and most of it has been removed from the atmosphere by biological activity.  On Earth, there are 2 main processes that remove CO2 from the atmosphere.  One is the burial of carbon-rich biological material, which removes the carbon and leaves the oxygen in the atmosphere.  The other is the abiotic reaction of silicate minerals with CO2 to from carbonate minerals.  This process is greatly accelerated when silicate rock is exposed to rain, which absorbs CO2 to form carbonic acid, and it occurs very slowly in the absence of water or when the rock is submerged in the oceans, where the high PH inhibits the reaction.  On Earth, the removal of CO2 by the weathering of exposed silicate rock outpaces the volcanic outgassing of CO2.

On an Earth-mass planet with a global ocean or with no precipitation, CO2 removal by silicate weathering would be outpaced by the addition of CO2 by volcanic outgassing, causing CO2 to build up in the atmosphere over time.  On a super-Earth, tectonic processes would be more vigorous and the volcanic outgassing of CO2 and nitrogen would be more rapid than it is here on Earth, and the increased volcanism would also result in a more rapid release of primordial water from rocks in the mantle, which means that a super-Earth is more likely to have a global ocean.  These factors favour super-Earths which are further out from their stars, since they can remain at a comfortable temperature at distances which would cause global glaciation on Earth.

Planet formation is a highly non-linear, chaotic process, and the eventual conditions on a planet are sensitive to chance collisions, ejections and migrations during the formation of the planetary system, as well as on elemental abundances around a star, which are affected by the number and the types of nearby supernovae that contributed to the proto-planetary disk, and the degree of radioactive heating, which is important for the differentiation of planetary interiors, is dependent also on the period of time that's elapsed between supernova contributions and planet formation, but comparisons can be made on an all-else-being-equal basis between Earth and exoplanets with poorly constrained atmospheric conditions (in this case, only the radius and the orbital period are known; the mass is just estimated and nothing at all is known about the atmosphere).
Quote
14:10 - Moarskrillex42: She said something about knowing why I wanted to move to Glasgow when she came in. She plopped down on my bed and told me to go ahead and open it for her.

14:11 - Peter5930: So, she thought I was your lover and that I was sending you a box full of sex toys, and that you wanted to move to Glasgow to be with me?

Offline Zippo

  • psychotic J-DAM of the aspie elite
  • Elder
  • Postwhore
  • *****
  • Posts: 2055
  • Karma: 253
  • Gender: Female
  • Click, Click, BOOM!
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #20 on: December 08, 2011, 05:12:26 AM »
i remember reading somewhere a long time ago that water may not be a nesesity to live, that some scientists have done a small studies in which they reproduced the atmosphere of one of jupiters moons which is cold enough to support liquid methane and were able to re-create something that they said lead to life...

actually i remember now i saw it on TV and i was playing games on my computer so i wasnt paying attention but supposedly they have come up with results saying its "plausible" to have life living on more than liquid water.

though i am unsure of the validity of this claim and can not back up anything i said here so please take it with a grain of salt

any ways, i found that interesting so i hope you do to



                                                         Zippo, Shotgun Surgeon.
if theres bees in the trap im catching them, by the thorax and abdomen. and sanding there stingers down to a rough quill. then i dip em in ink and i scribble a bit, and if the wriggle than i tickle them until they hold still, let me say it again, in my land of pretend, i use bees as a mother fucking pen!

Offline odeon

  • Witchlet of the Aspie Elite
  • Webmaster
  • Postwhore Beyond Repair
  • *****
  • Posts: 109003
  • Karma: 4487
  • Gender: Male
  • Replacement Despot
Re: Kepler 22-b, Earth-like planet confirmed
« Reply #21 on: December 08, 2011, 12:04:29 PM »
Yes, I remember reading about it too.
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former."

- Albert Einstein